Fig. 4
Effects of equine AMSC (a) and AMSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) (b) on the proliferation of PHA-stimulated equine lymphocytes. a Different experimental conditions represented are naïve AMSC, AMSC-TNF-α, AMSC-IFN-γ, and AMSC-TNF-α+IFN-γ. 1 × 105, 0.5 × 105, and 0.1 × 105 AMSC/well were cultured in contact with 2 × 105 PBMC stimulated with PHA. b Different experimental conditions represented are conditioned medium (CM) from naïve AMSC (CM-AMSC), CM from AMSC primed with TNF-α, with IFN-γ, or with both TNF-α+IFN-γ. Ten microliters, 50 μL, or 100 μL CM-AMSC/well was added to 2 × 105 PBMC stimulated with PHA. Data representing the mean and standard deviation of three different AMSC preparations each of which was tested with two different lymphocyte donors, with the exception of the third AMSC which was tested with one lymphocyte donor. #p < 0.05; *** and ###p < 0.001. * vs PBMC+PHA, # vs AMSC or CM-AMSC group