Fig. 3
Collagen matrix accelerated proliferative ability of EVs. a The optimal EVs concentration for the highest viability of HK-2 cells is 80 μg/mL. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. PBS. b BLI assay revealed enhanced proliferation of HK-2 cells cultured with Col-EVs. c Quantitative analysis of BLI signals. The signal activity was expressed as photons/s/cm2/steradian. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. Con; #P < 0.05 vs. Col; $P < 0.05 vs. EVs. d Representative images showed the proliferation (Ki-67, green) of renal cells 3 days after AKI. Scale bar, 100 μm. e Quantification of the proliferation index of renal cells. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. (n = 5; *P < 0.05 vs. sham; #P < 0.05 vs. PBS; $P < 0.05 vs. Col; &P < 0.05 vs. EVs)