Fig. 5

Collagen matrix application augmented the proangiogenic effects of EVs. a In vivo monitoring of the Vegfr2-luc expression following transplantation of Col-EVs or EVs by BLI in mouse AKI model. b Quantitative analysis of the dynamic trend of angiogenesis in ischemic kidneys via Fluc signals (n = 5, *P < 0.05 vs. PBS, ^#P < 0.05 vs. EVs). c Representative images of kidney sections stained for CD31 (green) at day14. Scale bar, 100 μm. d Quantification of capillary density of ischemic kidneys in each group (n = 5; *P < 0.05 vs. PBS; ^#P < 0.05 vs. Col; ^$P < 0.05 vs. EVs). e Real-time qPCR analysis of angiogenic factor expression in HUVECs treated with 100 μg/mL EVs or Col-EVs for 24 h. Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. Con; ^#P < 0.05 vs. EVs