Fig. 3

Function detection and pathological observation after cell transplantation. a Glucose levels were monitored every 3 days after transplantation (n = 8). The left kidney was removed 28 days after transplantation. Data presented are means ± SD. b, c Human insulin and mouse insulin levels were detected in mice after transplantation (n = 8). Mouse insulin levels were not changed after transplantation, and human insulin levels significantly increased. d, e Blood glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test (n = 3). The blood glucose curves are shown at 7 and 21 days after IPC transplantation. f Immunofluorescence staining showed insulin (green) and glucagon (red) double-positive cells derived from renal tissue. The results suggest that transplanted IPCs surviving under the left renal subcapsular (a1, a2) can secrete insulin and glucagon, which is consistent with this cell population including pancreatic β and α cells. In addition, the expression of insulin- and glucagon-positive cells from IPCs-shRNA-LSD1-927 (b1, c1) was higher than that of the IPCs-scrambled-shRNA group (b2, c2). Scale bars, 200 μm (b1, b2); 100 μm (c1, c2). (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, n = 3)