Fig. 5

The therapeutic efficacy of 2D-exos and 3D-exos in cisplatin-induced AKI mice model. a Schematic diagram of the experimental design. In brief, mice were concurrently treated with PBS, 2D-exos (100 μg) or 3D-exos (100 μg) at 24 h and 48 h after cisplatin injection, and were sacrificed at 96 h after disease induction. b Effects of 2D-exos and 3D-exos on serum creatinine (n = 6–7). c Representative images of PAS staining of renal cortex. Scale bar, 50 μm. d The quantification of tubular injury based on PAS staining (n = 6–7). e Effects of 2D-exos and 3D-exos on the body weight (n = 6–7). f Representative confocal images of kidney injury molecular-1(Kim-1) in tubules. Scale bar, 25 μm. g The quantification of Kim-1⁺ tubules per HPF (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. Cis group, ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001