Fig. 10

BMSC-EVs deliver nephroprotection via partly inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway. a, c The protein expressions for GTP-RhoA, total RhoA, ROCK1, p-MYPT1, and MYPT1 were detected by Western blot. b, d The protein expressions for α-SMA, E-cadherin, and Fibronectin were detected by Western blot, and the protein levels of α-SMA, E-cadherin, and Fibronectin were expressed as arbitrary densitometric units and normalized by the value of GAPDH. e The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected with ELISA kits. f Representative images of HK-2 cells stained with JC-1 and red/green fluorescent ratio in different groups. g The ATP content of HK-2 cells in different groups. h Representative image of HK-2 cells stained with 2′7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Quantification of DCFH-DA. Scale bar 100 μm. i Rate of cell apoptosis as qualified by flow cytometry. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (compared with the Sham group); ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 (compared with the TGF-β1 group)