Fig. 5

Overexpression of DNMT1 hinders the differentiation potential of MSCs caused by nsPEFs. a Alizarin Red S, Oil red O staining, and Alcian blue staining for osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation at day 14; insets show the no-staining counterparts. b Quantification of differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. (3 batches of studies were tested with 3 biological donors, values are mean ± SEM from one representative batch with 5 technical repeats, one-way ANOVA, *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001, NS, p > 0.05) c MSCs were induced to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation at day 14, and qRT-PCR was performed. Trilineage differentiation-related key genes, osteogenic: RUNX2, OCN; adipogenic: PPARγ, LPL; chondrogenic: SOX9, COLII (3 batches of studies were tested with 3 biological donors, values are mean ± SEM from one representative batch with 5 technical repeats, one-way ANOVA, *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001, N, p > 0.05)