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Fig. 2 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells expedite chondrogenesis in 3D human degenerative disc cell cultures

Fig. 2

Cell proliferation and expression of cell proliferation markers after EV treatment. a Illustration of cell proliferation from day 7 to 28 in DC pellets treated with EVs compared to control. The result is presented in the unit of absorbance. b The bar graph presents the quantitative level of PCNA-positive cells in histological sections of DCs treated with sEVs compared to control from day 7 to 28. The results are presented as pixels/square micrometer. c Representative images of the expressions of PCNA in DC pellets treated with sEVs from day 7 to 28. Yellow colors indicated by red arrows are the positive expressions of PCNA, while green colors are that of apoptotic cells in the pellets. Blue dots are the nuclei of DCs. d LDH activity of DC pellets. The line graph illustrates LDH activity (cell death) in DC pellets from day 7 to 28. e The bar graph presents the quantitative level of TUNEL assay in histological sections of DCs treated with sEVs compared to control from day 7 to 28. f Representative images of the expressions of apoptotic cells in DC pellets treated with sEVs from day 7 to 28, respectively. Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 5).*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512