Fig. 2

Proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs from different age groups. a CCK-8 assays showed the proliferation activity of the APDLSCs was lower than that of the YPDLSCs over 7 days of cell growth. b, c EdU staining showed that the EdU/DAPI ratio of the APDLSCs was significantly lower than that of the YPDLSCs. d, e Apoptosis assay showed that the apoptotic rate of the APDLSCs was higher than that of the YPDLSCs. f Both the ALP staining and the ALP activity showed that the osteogenic differentiation ability of the APDLSCs was weaker than that of the YPDLSCs. g Alizarin Red staining and data analysis of the ratio of dye absorption measurements for Alizarin Red in PDLSCs showed that the osteogenic differentiation ability of the APDLSCs was weaker than that of the YPDLSCs. h Oil Red O staining and data analysis of the ratio of dye absorption measurements for Oil Red O in PDLSCs showed that the adipogenic differentiation ability of the APDLSCs was weaker than that of the YPDLSCs. i Alcian Blue staining and data analysis of the ratio of dye absorption measurements for Alcian Blue in PDLSCs showed that the chondrogenic differentiation ability of the APDLSCs was weaker than that of the YPDLSCs. The young group had three independent donors, and the adult group had three independent donors. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (**p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001)