Fig. 9

The adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down and to which an Smad2/3 signaling inhibitor was added. Oil red O staining was employed as a means of assessing lipid accumulation. Scale bar, 50 μm. a Following addition of a Smad2/3 signaling inhibitor, the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was also knocked down was associated with increased lipid accumulation relative to in cells in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down but to which no inhibitor was added. b Differences in Oil red O staining intensity were significant between shRNA + inhibitor and shRNA groups. c qRT-PCR was used to compare PPARγ, FABP4, and CEBP/α expression in the different groups. d PPARγ, FABP4, and C/EBPαprotein levels were assessed via Western blotting. Data are expressed as means ± SD (X ± SD, n = 3). **P < 0.01 vs. shRNA + inhibitor, respectively. Note: sh, tsRNA-16902 shRNA; sh+in, tsRNA-16902 shRNA + inhibitor