Fig. 2
From: Controlling stem cell fate using cold atmospheric plasma
Hierarchical delivery of plasma-derived reactive species towards stem cells and stem cell niche. (A) Atmospheric plasma phase, and its main components. (B) Plasma jet, and the reactive species contained in its plume. If CAP is used as an indirect approach to activate a stem cell niche, the entire process occurs when plasma jet interacts with the solid interface of a niche. However, if CAP is used to directly stimulate a living recipient, it propagates through a liquid phase first. (C) Liquid interface, and various RONS created upon diffusion through it. (D) The biological effect of plasma penetrates across various levels