From: Controlling stem cell fate using cold atmospheric plasma
 | PAA technology | PDD technology |
---|---|---|
Mechanism | Based on the ignition of an electric arc between two electrodes by means of pulsed high voltage; gas flow is ionized as it passes close to the arc, which creates a plasma jet of highly reactive gaseous species | Based on the direct electrical discharge at an open piezoelectric transformer; this dissociates and ionizes the surrounding process gas, which is typically ambient air |
Pros | High process speed; adjustable plasma temperature; long-term stability | Very compact; high efficiency; ambient temperature |
Cons | Requires automation; need to avoid undesired thermal over-treatment; operate at high power consumption, | Relatively low power output; potential electrical hazard to user due to proximity |
Medical applicability | Indirect applications: cell or tissue-resident niche; surgical implant | Direct applications: cells, tissues, and animal or human organs |