Table 3 Inducing and enhancing tissue-specific differentiation from stem cells using CAP. (ASCs adipose-derived stem cells, BM-MSCs bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, CJMSCs conjunctiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells, MPJs micro-plasma jets, NO nitric oxide, NSCs neural stem cells, PCL polycaprolactone, PDL-MSCs periodontal ligament-isolated mesenchymal stem cells, PEEK polyetheretherketone, PLA poly(lactic acid), PU polyurethane, RONS reactive oxygen and nitrogen species)
From: Controlling stem cell fate using cold atmospheric plasma
Target tissue | Stem cells | Novelty | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hard tissue | Bone | BM-MSCs | CAP provides surface modification of HA/chitosan scaffolds, leading to favourable protein adsorption, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation | [24] |
CAP proves a quick and inexpensive way to modify nanoscale roughness and chemical composition of 3D printed PLA scaffolds with microscale architecture | [25] | |||
CAP-modified core-shell nanofibers not only has higher surface pore size and osteoinductivity, but also improved drug release kinetics | [26] | |||
ASCs | Degrees of osteogenic differentiation from ASCs on CAP-treated PEEK surface depend on plasma power and working gas | [27] | ||
Bone, cartilage | ASCs can be differentiated towards osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages on amine- and carboxyl-modified scaffolds using plasma polymerization, respectively | [28] | ||
Argon plasma-treated PU scaffolds support not only in vitro osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, but also in vivo tissue ingrowth and angiogenesis | [29] | |||
Teeth | PDL-MSCS | CAP promotes osteogenic differentiation from PDL-MSCs, although inhibiting cell migration and attenuating cell proliferation | [30] | |
Soft tissue | Nerve | C17.2- NSCs, primary rat NSCs | MPJs effectively direct in vitro differentiation of NSCs predominantly into neuronal lineage; higher differentiation efficiency than conventional method | [31] |
A detailed experimental protocol with video demonstration of using CAP to accelerate neuronal differentiation rate in a one-step fashion | [32] | |||
C17.2- NSCs | A gene-level study investigating the mechanism of enhanced and directed differentiation of NSCs by CAP; both extra- and intracellular NO contribute | [33] | ||
N2a cells | CAP induces neural differentiation through crosstalk between specific RONS cascade and Trk/Ras/ERK signalling pathway | [34] | ||
Pancreatic islets | CJMSCs | CAP enhances stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells on 3D tissue engineering PCL scaffold; new source for diabetes therapy | [35] | |