Fig. 3

XF-hMAPC cells dose-dependently induced an elaborate and mature vascular network in the wound edges early during wound healing. a–e Cross-sections representing an overview of the wound bed stained for mouse (m)CD31 in green for the Plasma-Lyte control (“CTRL”; a; black circles in e; n = 15), low-dose XF-hMAPC cell (“XF1”; b; green triangles in e; n = 16), middle-dose XF-hMAPC cell (“XF2”; c; blue triangles in e; n = 14), and high-dose XF-hMAPC cell (“XF3”; d; red triangles in e; n = 14) groups and the corresponding quantification in E. Data represent the vascular ingrowth distance relative to the wound length expressed as % ± S.E.M. (*P < 0.05 versus indicated condition by one-way ANOVA). Red horizontal lines in a–d indicate distance covered by the vascular fronts, white arrowheads indicate wound borders. f–j Cross-sections zooming in on the wound edges stained for mCD31 in green for CTRL (f; black circles in j; n = 14), XF1 (g; green triangles in j; n = 14), XF2 (h; blue triangles in j; n = 13), and XF3 (i; red triangles in j; n = 13) groups and the corresponding quantification in j. Data represent the mean number of mCD31⁺ vessels expressed per area (in mm²) ± S.E.M. (*P < 0.05 versus indicated condition by one-way ANOVA). k–o Cross-sections (same as in f–i) zooming in on the wound edges stained for α-smooth muscle-actin (αSMA) in red for CTRL (k; black circles in o; n = 14), XF1 (l; green triangles in o; n = 16), XF2 (m; blue triangles in o; n = 14), and XF3 (n; red triangles in o; n = 12) groups and the corresponding quantification in o. Data represent the mean fraction of αSMA⁺ vessels expressed as % of CD31⁺ vessels ± S.E.M. (*P < 0.05 versus indicated condition by one-way ANOVA). Dermo-epidermal junction is indicated by white dotted lines in f–i and k–n. DAPI was used as nuclear counterstaining (in blue) in a–d, f–i, and k–n. Magnifications at which pictures were taken: × 2.5 in a–d; × 20 in f–i, k–n. Scale bars: 500 μm in a–d, 100 μm in f–i and k–n