Fig. 4

Co-encapsulation of HNF4α-UMSCs and human hepatocytes promoted M2 polarization of macrophages. a Immunofluorescence staining of liver sections of ALF mice with antibodies against CD68 and CD86. b Percentage of CD68⁺ cells in macrophages under a microscopic field. Eight sections were analyzed for each liver and counted each section at least in four fields. c Gate strategy of flow cytometry analysis. d Flow cytometry analysis of CD206⁺ cells in macrophages. e Percentage of CD206⁺ cells in macrophages (Mφ) (n = 4–6). f The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, CD86, iNOS, CD206, Arg-1 and PPAR-γ in Raw264.7 cells treated with CM of different groups after challenged with LPS. Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (n = 6). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with CON, ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 compared with UMSC-HEP