Fig. 5

NAC mitigates the cell loss and mitochondrial ROS production in hiPSC-CMs under melphalan treatment. a Representative images and measurement of cell viability via CellTiter-Blue Viability Assay in hiPSC-CMs upon melphalan treatment with or without NAC supplementation for 3 days (n = 4). Scale bar, 40 μm. b Representative images and quantification of intracellular ROS production in hiPSC-CMs upon melphalan treatment with or without NAC supplementation for 3 days via carboxy-H₂DCFDA and Hoechst staining (n = 4). Scale bar, 100 μm. c Representative images and quantification of mitochondrial ROS production in hiPSC-CMs upon melphalan treatment with or without NAC supplementation for 3 days via MitoSOX and Hoechst staining (n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. Normalization of viability and relative MFI was calculated based on the average values of melphalan-treated group vs. no melphalan groups. Comparisons were performed between the groups indicated via one-way ANOVA test or two-tailed Student’s t test. **P value < 0.01; ***P value < 0.001; ****P value < 0.0001