Fig. 4
hPMSCs alleviates CD4+ T cell senescence in vitro. 4 × 106 human naive CD4+ T cells (CD4CD45RA cells) were isolated and co-cultured with hPMSCs (4 × 105) for 72 h in the presence of anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads and IL-2 as a mitogenic stimulus. a–c The expressions of senescent markers P16 and P21 in CD4+ T cells under hPMSC treatment or non-treatment condition. d, e The expression of P16 and P21 in CD4+ T cells were detected after being co-cultured with hPMSCs at different ratios (T cells only, hPMSCs: T cells = 1:1, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50). f A schematic of the experiments. In transwell cultures, hPMSCs (4 × 105) were seeded on the upper chamber and CD4+ T cells (4 × 106) were in the lower chamber. g An image of the direct co-culture of hPMSCs with CD4+ T cells under a light microscope. h, i The expressions of P16 and P21 in CD4+ T cells in different co-culture conditions. Data represent the mean scores ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01