The role of regenerative therapy in the treatment of right ventricular failure: a literature review

Table 2 Clinically applied cell-based RV-centric studies in pediatric patients

	Route	Dose	Disease	Number	Outcome
BM-derived MSCs
Rupp et al. [33,34,35]	Intracoronary	2.7 × 10⁸ (variable)	Congestive heart failure from DCM/CHD	9 case series	Modest response, EF ↑, BNP ↓
Bergmane et al. [36]	Intramyocardial	1.7–12.2 × 10⁷	DCM	7 case series	EF ↑, NT-proBNP ↓
UCB-derived MNCs
Burkhart et al. [40] NCT01883076 ^ongoing	Intramyocardial	3.0 × 10⁷/kg	HLHS	10 (reported) 30 (projected) phase II trial	Preserved RV function, no adverse events
Allogenic MSCs
Kaushal et al. [45] NCT03525418 ^ongoing	Intramyocardial	2.5 × 10⁵/kg	HLHS/uAVSD	30 (projected) phase I/II trial	Not published
Cardiosphere-derived cells
Ishigami et al. [27] NCT01273857	Intracoronary	3.0 × 10⁵/kg	HLHS	14 phase I trial	EF ↑, HF ↓, growth ↑, collaterals ↓, safe, no adverse events
Ishigami et al. [44] NCT01829750	Intracoronary	3.0 × 10⁵/kg	HLHS	34 phase II trial	EF ↑, HF ↓, growth ↑, fibrosis ↓
JRM Co. Ltd. NCT02781922 ^ongoing	Intracoronary	3.0 × 10⁵/kg	HLHS	40 (projected) phase III trial	Not published

BNP brain natriuretic peptide, CHD congenital heart disease, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, EF ejection fraction, HF heart failure, HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome, uAVSD unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect

ISSN: 1757-6512