Fig. 1

Characterization of hSCAPs. a Isolated cells present the typical fibroblast and spindle-like-shaped morphology. b The cells are positive for CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 but negative for CD34. The amount of isolated cells that expressed these markers (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD146+, and CD34−) are highly expressed. c The cells efficiently form colonies. d The cells reveal the neural crest derivative origin with nesting staining. e Osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated with Alizarin red staining of calcified nodule. f Adipogenic differentiation was revealed with lipid droplets stained by Oil Red O. Scale bars: a, e, and f = 100 μm, c = 5 mm, and d = 50 μm