Fig. 5

Effects of PEMF-induced conditioned medium (CM) on chondrocyte redifferentiation. CM was generated from MSCs cultured on 2D and 3D platforms with and without PEMF exposure at 3 mT and 2 mT, respectively, or unexposed. CM collected 24 h post-PEMF exposure was administered to chondrocyte pellet cultures. a Real-time PCR analysis of cartilaginous marker expression after 7 days of redifferentiation was normalized to GAPDH and presented as a fold-change relative to the level expressed in day 0 chondrocytes. Col 1 and Col 10 expressions are shown as ratios relative to Col 2 expression. b Quantification of cartilaginous extracellular matrix macromolecules generated by chondrocytes after 21 days of redifferentiation. Data shown represent means ± SD, n = 6 from 2 independent experiments. * denotes significant increases compare to respective non-PEMFed CM (CCM, 0 mT) (red solid bars)