Fig. 6

Isolation and identification of BMMSC-derived exosomes. a Expression of BMMSC surface markers determined by flow cytometer. b Adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs detected by oil red o staining (scale bar = 25 μm). c Osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs tested by alizarin red staining (scale bar = 25 μm). d BMMSC-derived exosomes observed under the transmission electron microscope (scale bar = 100 nm). e Particle distribution of BMMSC-derived exosomes analyzed by Zetasizer Nano ZS. f Expression of BMMSC surface markers measured by western blot analysis. g miR-144 expression in BMMSCs in response to miR-144 mimic/inhibitor treatment as detected by RT-qPCR. The above measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Data among multiple groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The experiment was repeated in triplicate