Fig. 1

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. a Cell viability, 48 h after seeding, Passage 1. b Quantification of the cell viability, live/dead assay. c Immunophenotyping of the positive MSCs surface markers, passage 1 and 3–4. d Flow cytometry for positive MSC surface markers, note that negative markers were gaited out. e Statistical presentation of adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Images were taken after 10 days of differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineage. Statistical significance is indicated with asterisks: *p value ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001. No asterisks represent p > 0.05. N = 3 for each group (=cells from 3 different patients per group); triplicates per biological sample. Graph: Mean with SEM