Fig. 1

Extended engraftment of IL-10-MSCs. Luciferase-expressing rat MSCs were transduced with control AAV1/enhanced green fluorescence protein (GFP) or AAV1/IL-10 vector. a MSCs expressing GFP or IL-10 were injected into the right or left hindlimb muscle (IL-10 (−) or IL-10 (+)) of NOD/SCID mice. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of mice treated with MSCs expressing GFP or IL-10 revealed the appearance of luciferase signals between 3 and 67 days after intramuscular injection into the right or left hindlimb muscle: GFP-MSCs, IL-10 (−), or IL-10-MSCs, IL-10 (+). b Monitoring of the quantitative luciferase counts at the GFP- or IL-10-MSC-injected site by imaging analysis conducted between 3 and 67 days after treatment (n = 6–3). c Quantitative measurement of IL-10 levels in the MSC culture medium using ELISA 7 days after transduction with AAV1/GFP or AAV1/IL-10 (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD, and statistical differences between GFP-MSCs and IL-10-MSCs are indicated, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001, t-test are indicated