Fig. 2

Catalpol augmented BMSC-dependent angiogenesis of HUVECs. a, b Western blot analysis of VEGF expression in BMSCs after indicated treatment. c Diagram of groups dividing and treatment respectively, d, e Western blot analysis of VEGF expression in BMSCs after indicated treatment. f VEGF secretion in the supernatant liquid from different groups was assessed using ELISA kits. Images and quantification of g, j scratch wound assay, h, k transwell migration assay, and i, l tube formation assay of HUVECs incubated with indicated mediums. The data are presented as means ± SEM. All experiments were repeated at least 3 times independently. ^**p < 0.01 vs. control group, ^##p < 0.01 vs. CM-vehicle group. (FM fresh medium, CM conditioned medium)