Fig. 3
CS-EVs exert an anti-senescence effect on senescent fibroblasts and improve their biological function. a The optimal EV concentration for the highest viability of fibroblasts is 75 μg/mL. b Survival of fibroblasts in the presence of different concentrations of EVs under challenge from H2O2-induced stress (n = 3; *P < 0.05 vs blank). c Representative images showed the proliferation (Ki67, green) of fibroblasts incubated with 75 μg/mL EVs or CS-EVs for 24 h. Scale bar, 200 μm. d The statistics of Ki67-positive cells in each group. e Scratch wound healing assay of DFLs treated with 100 μg/mL EVs or CS-EVs. Scale bar, 200 μm. f Migration ratio statistics of fibroblasts in each group. g Effects of EVs or CS-EVs on SA-β-gal activity of fibroblasts. Scale bar, 50 μm. h The percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05 vs EVs)