Fig. 2

Characterization and overexpression of exosomes. a, b Isolation and characterization of MSC. c Schematic diagram of exosome isolation. d Nano measurements of exosomes. e Representative transmission electron micrographs of exosomes showing cup-shaped morphology. f Verification of expression of surface markers, including CD9, CD63, Flotillin-1, and non-exosomal marker Calnexin on exosomes by western blot analysis. g The uptake of green fluorescent dye-expressing exosomes into PC12 cells. h miR-26a expression level in BMSC-derived exosomes following miR-26a mimic transfection (Exos-26a group). ***P < 0.001 compared with the Exos group by t test. n = 3 for each group