Fig. 2

ADM2 reversed the imbalance of M1/M2 polarization induced by AGEs via the PPARγ/IκBα/NF-κB pathway. A Western blot of PPARγ, IκBα, p65, and p-p65 in BMDMs treated with vehicle, AGEs, AGEs+ADM2, and AGEs+ADM2+GW9662. B Quantitative analysis of PPARγ and IκBα protein levels relative to GAPDH and the phosphorylated level of p65. C Representative immunocytochemistry images showing the expression and distribution of p65 in BMDMs in each group. Scale bar 50 μm. D Quantitative analysis of the expression and nuclear translocation of p65. The data were confirmed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test from three independently repeated tests and are presented as the means ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01