Fig. 6

MiR-146a-knockdown bmMSC-derived exosomes fail to reverse β-cell dedifferentiation in vivo. a Blood glucose in control + PBS, T2DM + PBS, T2DM + bmMDE^{miR-NC KD}, and T2DM + bmMDE^{miR-146a KD} rats. b–e IPGTT and IPITT were performed after the last intervention of bmMDEs^{miR-NC KD} and bmMDEs^{miR-146a KD}. Values of the areas under the curve in IPGTT and IPITT were measured. f Fasting serum insulin of control + PBS, T2DM + PBS, T2DM + bmMDE^{miR-NC KD}, and T2DM + bmMDE^{miR-146a KD} rats as indicated. g Paraffin-embedded sections from the indicated groups were immunolabeled for insulin along with PDX1, FOXO1, NGN3, and OCT4 (scale bar 20 μm). h–k RT-qPCR analyses for Pdx1, Foxo1, Ngn3, and Oct4 in islets from the above groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (^∗P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001)