Fig. 1

Characterization of hUC-MSC and MSCs-Exo. a hUC-MSC were characterized by flow cytometry for detection of positive cell surface markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) and negative markers (CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR). b The multilineage differentiation of hUC-MSC into adipocytes (Nil oil red O staining), osteoblasts (Alizarin red S staining), and chondrocytes (Alcian blue staining). The particle size distribution profile of exosomes was indicated in c by NTA. d TEM images showing the morphology of exosomes. Upper scale bar: 100 nm; bottom scale bar: 50 nm. e Western blot analysis showing the protein expression of CD9, CD63, TSG 101, and calnexin