Fig. 2

NONFH exosomes inhibited osteogenic differentiation and promoted adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. A The expression of collagen type 1, OCN, RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and PPARγ were measured by WB in hBMSCs treated with PBS, FNF exosomes, or NONFH exosomes. B, C ALP activity and ALP staining of hBMSCs (scale bar = 100 μm). D Alizarin Red S staining of hBMSCs. E Oil Red O staining of hBMSCs (scale bar = 50 μm). F, G The expression of VEGFA and FGF2 were measured by RT-PCR (F) and western blotting (G). H Tube formation assay of HUVECs (scale bar = 200 μm). NM-CTL, controls for differentiation. *P < 0.05, versus PBS group; #P < 0.05, versus FNF exosome group. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM