Fig. 1
From: Translational models of 3-D organoids and cancer stem cells in gastric cancer research
Gastric stem cells in human antrum and corpus/fundic area. In the antrum, Notch signaling affects the balance between proliferation and differentiation in the human stem cells. Both gastrin and acetylcholine are niche factors. In corpus/fundic area, Shh and BMPs are restricted to the area of isthmus and neck of fundic gland to affect LGR5+ stem cells for differentiation. Stromal cells (CXCL12+ endothelial- and CXR4+ innate lymphoid-cells) contribute to the corpus/fundic stem cells niches partially through production of Wnt5a. EGF, FGF10 and WNT play critical roles in control of self-renewal and pluripotency of gastric stem cells in the base gland of antrum and the isthmus of corpus/fundus [3, 5]. Each cell type and molecular markers are listed. Muc5AC, mucin 5AC; TFF1, trefoil factor 1; GS-II, Griffonia simplicifolia II; TFF2,trefoil factor 2; Muc6, mucin 6; UEA1; Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1; GIF, gastric intrinsic factor Pga1, pepsinogen 1; PGC, pepsinogen C; ChgA, chromogranin A; Dclk1, double cortin-like kinase 1