Fig. 4

LGMSCs and LGMSC-Exos reduce Th17 cells and expand Tregs in NOD mice. A, B Proportions of Tregs (A) and Th17 cells (B) in spleen cells of NOD mice after different treatments. C–E Serum levels of TGF-β (C), IL-17 (D), and IL-6 (E) in NOD mice. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. HCQ hydroxychloroquine; LGMSCs labial gland-derived mesenchymal stem cells; LGMSC-Exos LGMSC-derived exosomes; Th17 T helper 17; Treg T regulatory; TGF-β transforming growth factor beta; IL interleukin