Fig. 5

Conditioned medium from hypo-SF-MSCs strongly suppresses TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in HK-2 cells. a Western blot analysis of p-Smad2 in HK-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 for 30 min. Graph shows densitometric analysis of the p-Smad2 expression level normalized to the Smad2 expression level (n = 5 in each group). b Western blot analysis of α-SMA in HK-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 for 24 h. Graph shows densitometric analysis of the α-SMA expression level normalized to the α-tubulin expression level (n = 5 in each group). Data are means ± S.D. ^#P < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test)