Fig. 9

Cell transplantation resulted in the upregulation of neurogenesis markers in the CNS. a, b Determination of expression of genes associated with various stages of neurogenesis, early (S100b, Nestin, Blbp, Pax6, Hes5), intermediate (Tuj1, Ncam, Rest, Tlx, Ascl1, Tbr2, Ccnd1, Mcm2, Sstr2) and late (Dcx, Prox1, Calretinin, NeuN, Calbindin, Pou4f2, Tuc-4) using qRT-PCR. Fold gene expression was normalized to mouse Gapdh and β-Actin and error bars represent the SEM of triplicate measures (**p ≤ 0.01). Expression of genes representing all stages of neurogenesis was greater in the case of NSCs than MSCs, but it was more pronounced in the middle and late stages of neurogenesis. c Proposed molecular mechanism of cell survival/neuroprotection and differentiation promoted by NSCs