Fig. 8
A summary of current studies for stem cells in treating ESLD. ESLD can divide into five diseases on the circle based on etiology. Among them, the clinical evidence for chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease is relatively sufficient. A The optimal type of stem cell for the treatment of ESLD is still unclear. B There is not enough evidence for the difference of therapeutic effect between different injection routes of stem cells in the treatment of ESLD. C The dose–response relationship and times of injection of stem cells remain to be studied. D Most studies have shown superior therapeutic effects from stem cells, but the benefit is short, and the existence of negative results makes conclusions controversial. E Most studies had a short follow-up time after stem cell transplantation and might not have adverse effects. Some illustrations were produced using Servier Medical Art. https://smart.servier.com