Fig. 3

EMF enhanced expressions of proliferation-related genes and proteins partly by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. A Expressions of Cyclin D1, CDK4, and PCNA were significantly increased in the presence of EMF. B Results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that EMF promoted phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins. C PI3K inhibitor (Dactolisib) could significantly reduce the increased expressions of Cyclin D1, CDK4, and PCNA induced by EMF both in gene and protein levels. D Inhibition of mTOR by AZD8055 showed results similar to those in (C). Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). # indicates no significant difference, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the group with or without EMF as indicated