Fig. 2

ADSC-EVs reduced brain atrophy volume and promoted neural functional recovery. A Experimental schedule. ADSC-EVs injection was performed daily during 1–7 days after tMCAO. B Representative photomicrographs of brain coronal sections stained with cresyl violet and quantification of brain atrophy. The white dotted line showed the mirror image of the contralateral hemisphere. n = 7. C The results of mNSS evaluation before tMCAO and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after the operation. n = 4 in the sham group, n = 10 in the PBS and ADSC-EVs groups. D Rotarod test before tMCAO and 3, 7, and 14 days after the operation. n = 4 in the sham group, n = 10 in the PBS and ADSC-EVs groups. E Average fall score of mice during a 180-s hanging wire test at 14 days after tMCAO. n = 4 in the sham group, n = 10 in the PBS and ADSC-EVs groups. Green curve: Sham group; Black curve: PBS group; Red curve: ADSC-EVs group. F T-maze test showed the ratio of spontaneous alternation at 14 days after tMCAO. n = 4 in the sham group, n = 10 in the PBS and ADSC-EVs groups. G Representative moving trace of mice recorded in step through test at 14 days after tMCAO. Bar graphs at the bottom showed the quantified total time spent in the dark zone and the number of dark zone entries of each mouse. n = 4 in the sham group, n = 8 in the PBS and ADSC-EVs groups. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, ns = not significant