Table 1 Context-dependent transcriptional regulations of YAP/TAZ in stem cell and differentiation

Blastocyst

TEAD

Embryo development

Cdx2

ESCs and embryos

To distinguish the TE and ICM

[45]

Oct4 and Nanog

ICM

To induce the epiblast lineage cells

[47]

ESCs

TEAD and P300

ESC differentiation

Mcl1, Bcl2 and Bcl2l1

Mouse ESCs

To promote cell survival during ESC differentiation

[48]

TEAD and P73

RASSF1A-induced stem cell differentiation

OCT4 and differentiation-associated genes

Mouse ESCs

Function as a “switch” between pluripotency and initiation of differentiation

[49]

TEAD, SMAD2/3, OCT4, NuRD and FOXH1

TGF-β signalling-mediated ESC pluripotency maintenance and mesoderm specification

NANOG and: EOMES

Human ESCs

To direct discrete SMAD2/3 signalling outcomes in the context of pluripotency and mesoderm induction

[50]

NSCs

TEAD and SMAD1/4

BMP2 activation in mouse embryonic NSCs

Ccnd1

Mouse embryonic NSCs

To represses the proliferation of embryonic NSCs

[53]

SMAD1/5

Radial glia cell self-amplification in the developing cerebral cortex

–

Radial glia cells

To promote the radial glia cell self-amplification in embryos, and prevent their premature

[54]

SMAD1/4/8

BMP2-induced neocortical astrocytic differentiation

Astrocytic differentiation-associated genes

NSCs and astrocytes

To induce the astrocytic differentiation in the developing mouse neocortex

[55]

Pax3

Neural crest development

Mitf and Myf5

Premigratory neural crest cells

Essential for neural crest delamination during embryonic development

[56]

TEAD and SOX10

Schwann cell proliferation and myelination

Gnas and myelination genes

Peripheral nerves system and Schwann cells

To promote Schwann cell proliferation and myelination

[57]

MSCs and SSCs

RUNX2

Src activation-mediated osteogenic differentiation

Bone-specific osteocalcin gene

Osteoblasts

To repress osteoblast differentiation

[60]

AP2a and RUNX2

Osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration

BARX1

MSCs

Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation

[61]

TEAD and RUNX2

Osteoblast differentiation and bone development

Alp, Cola1, and Osterix

MSCs and osteoblasts progenitor

Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation

[62]

TEAD and Snail/Slug

SSCs differentiation

Ctgf, Ankrd1, Axl, Dkk1 and Cyr61; Bglap2, Osterix and Alp

SSCs

To regulate SSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation

[64, 65]

Cardiac cells

β-Catenin

Hippo-deficient embryo hearts

Sox2 and Snail2

Embryonic cardiomyocyte

To regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size

[68]

Myb-MuvB (MMB) complex

Loss of the Hippo-signalling component SAV1

TOP2A, CDC20, CENPF and AURKA

Embryonic cardiomyocyte

To promote cardiomyocyte mitosis and proliferation

[69, 70]

FoxO1

Oxidative stress response

Catalase and MnSOD

Cardiomyocytes

To promote cell survival in response to oxidative stress

[72]

TFEB

Lysosomal storage diseases

MAPLC3B

LSD mouse model

To promote autophagic and lysosomal gene expression

[74]

ISCs

TEAD and Klf4

In the intestinal epithelium expansion and differentiation

Muc2, Rps26

Mouse intestine

To regulate ISC proliferation and differentiation to goblet cells

[76]

TLE

Dual inhibition of TEAD-mediated transcriptional and LATS activities in ISCs

Axin2 and Lgr5

ISCs

To block Wnt/TCF-mediated transcription in ISCs

[78]

Pancreas

TEAD and Pancreatic-TFs

Pancreas development

SOX9, HHEX and MNX1

Human embryonic pancreas and ESC-derived progenitors

To promote the outgrowth of pancreatic multipotent progenitor cells

[79]

Liver

TEAD and PPARα

Liver growth and regeneration

CTGF, CYR61, ANKRD1; AXOX1 and CYP4A

Mouse live and hepatocyte

To promote liver growth and regeneration

[81]