Fig. 3

Orthotopic PDL regeneration for swine roots with autologous PDLSC sheets. A Mandibular edentulous region. B Osteotomy was performed by implant drills to create insertion space. C Radiograph showing two root fragments were inserted into the space and the wound sutured. D radiograph ~ 4 months later at sacrifice. E, F H&E histology of the inserted root showing resorption of the roots. G–J Histology showing root dentin resorption. Black arrows: newly deposited cementum-like; blue arrows: cementoblast-like cells. Cells were treated with vitamin C for one week as reported previously [47]