Fig. 2

DFCs-derived MMVs and CRMVs promote the proliferation and migration of DFCs. A Histograms measured by the CCK-8 assay. DFCs were cultured with different concentrations (5 × 10⁶ particles/ml, 5 × 10⁷ particles/ml and 5 × 10⁸ particles/ml) of MMVs or CRMVs for 6 days. Representative microscopy images (B) and quantitative analysis (C) of cell vertical migration demonstrated by the transwell assay at 12 h. Scale bar: 200 μm. D Representative images of cell horizontal migration in scratch wound assay for 12 h. The black lines indicate the original state of wounds, and yellow curves underline the frontiers of the wound. Scale bar: 500 μm. E Restoring percentage of the recovery of wound area at the metering point. Statistical analysis is made among each experimental group and the control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001