Fig. 2

Transplantation of exosomes and the combinatorially pretreated MSCs improved cardiac function postinfarction. A Schematic diagram of transplantation of exosomes and differentially pretreated MSCs in a sequential manner. B Representative echocardiogram images of rat hearts 4 weeks after AMI. LVEF (C), LVFS (D), LVEDV (E) and LVESV (F) of different groups were calculated (n = 9–10 for each group). Statistical data are expressed as mean ± SEM and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 versus AMI group; ^$p < 0.05, ^$$p < 0.01, ^$$$p < 0.001, ^$$$$p < 0.0001 versus Exo group; ^&p < 0.05, ^&&p < 0.01, ^&&&p < 0.001, ^&&&&p < 0.0001 versus MSC group; ^#p < 0.05 versus Exo + MSC group; ^αp < 0.05 versus Exo + MSC^H group; ^μp < 0.05 versus Exo + MSC^T group