Fig. 1From: Melatonin enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells by regulating MAPK pathways and promotes the efficiency of bone regeneration in calvarial bone defectsCharacterizations and tri-lineage differentiation of DPSCs. a DPSCs had a typical fibroblast-like morphology at primary culture and b, c passage 3. d Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed with positive Alizarin red S staining. e Chondrogenic differentiation was verified with Safranin O staining. f Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed with positive Oil red O staining. g, h Representative images of colony-forming units for DPSCs. Scale bar = 100 μmBack to article page