Fig. 12From: Melatonin enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells by regulating MAPK pathways and promotes the efficiency of bone regeneration in calvarial bone defectsHistomorphometric analysis of new bone formation in bone defect area among empty control, MBCP only, MBCP + DPSCs, and MBCP + DPSCs + melatonin groups after 4 and 8 weeks of healing. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and statistical significance is represented as (*) p < 0.05 or (**) p < 0.01Back to article page