Fig. 3

AA2G preconditioning in angiogenesis was associated with the AKT signaling pathway. a IF results showed the VEGF expression in BMSCs and AA2G-treated BMSCs. Bar = 120 µm. b qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of VEGF and HIF-1 in BMSCs and AA2G-treated BMSCs (n = 3). * indicated P < 0.05, ** indicated P < 0.01, p-value based on t-test. c qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of VEGF and HIF-1 in C166 cells (n = 3). * indicated P < 0.05, ** indicated P < 0.01, p-value based on t-test. d Western blot analysis and quantitative analysis of VEGF protein in C166 cells (n = 3). * indicated P < 0.05, *** indicated P < 0.001, p-value based on t-test. e Tube formation of C166 cells in the absence (control) or presence of BMSC or AA2G-treated BMSC CM. Bar = 200 µm