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Fig. 3 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Exendin-4 and eldecalcitol synergistically promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through M2 macrophages polarization via PI3K/AKT pathway

Fig. 3

Ex-4 synergizes with ED-71 to increase the proportion of M2 macrophages in vitro. A Immunofluorescence staining of CD163 (green) and CD206 (red) in CON, Ex-4, ED-71 and Ex-4 + ED-71 group. The nucleus was counterstained with DAPI (blue). Bar, 100 μm. B Flow cytometry was used to analyze the polarization of M2 macrophages in different groups. C and D The relative mRNA levels of M1 macrophages biomarkers (Nos2, Ptgs2, TNF-α) (C) and M2 macrophages biomarkers (Arg1, Chil3, Retnla) (D) were detected by qPCR after the administration of Ex-4 and ED-71 (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. CON control, Ex-4 exendin-4, ED-71 eldecalcitol, Ex-4 + ED-71 exendin-4 + eldecalcitol

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512