Fig. 3

Hypo-EVs have a better anti-fibrosis effect than Norm-EVs in I/R-induced renal fibrosis mice. a Representative images for Masson’s staining of kidney sections on D 14 after I/R injury. b Quantification of interstitial fibrosis area as percentages of the total area (n = 6–9). c Renal function analysis. Levels of BUN in mice on D 3 after I/R injury (n = 5–6). d Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of vimentin. The relative expression of vimentin was evaluated (n = 5–6). e Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of α-SMA. The relative expression of α-SMA was evaluated (n = 5–6). f Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA (red) and nuclei (blue). g Quantification of α-SMA-positive areas as percentages of the total area (n = 3). h Immunofluorescence staining of collagen I (red) and nuclei (blue). i Quantification of collagen I-positive areas as percentages of the total area (n = 3). Scale bar represents 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01