Fig. 1

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different sources under various chemical, environmental and mechanical stimulants, including gamma-irradiation, statins, heparanase, calcium ionophores, hypoxia and acidosis conditions are able to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are enriched with trophic substances. These cargos are transferred to recipient cells and affect the functions of them. MicroRNAs as important compositions of EVs have an important role in proliferation and differentiation of HSCs