Fig. 2
From: Anti-fibrotic effect of a selective estrogen receptor modulator in systemic sclerosis
Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into fibroblasts and keratinocytes. a–c Characteristics of the iPSC-derived keratinocytes on day 21. a Morphology, as determined by Leica microscopy. Scale bars, 100 μm. b Immunocytochemical analysis of Np63 (red) and Keratin14 (green), together with DAPI staining (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm. c Gene expression of an iPSC marker (OCT4), neuroectoderm markers (PAX6 and SOX1), and keratinocyte markers (Np63, KRT5, and KRT14). d–f Characteristics of the iPSC-derived fibroblasts on day 21. d Morphology, as determined by Leica microscopy. Scale bars, 100 μm. e Immunocytochemical analysis of the fibroblast-marker proteins fibronectin (red) and vimentin (red), together with DAPI staining (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm. f Flow cytometric analysis of CD34, CD45, CD73, and CD105 expression. All graphs show the mean and standard error of the mean. g Expression of the pluripotency-marker gene OCT4 and the fibroblast-marker genes COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, ACTA2, and vimentin (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, as determined by Student’s t-test)