Fig. 3

In vitro and in vivo modeling of systemic sclerosis using the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). a, b Proliferation assay of iPSCs (a) and their differentiation into fibroblasts (b). c Immunocytochemical analysis of α-SMA expression (green), together with DAPI staining was also performed (blue). Scale bars, 200 μm. d Expression of the fibrosis marker α-SMA, as determined by western blot. e Quantification of the relative band intensity by using imageJ. f Quantification of the total collagen contents by using the hydroxyproline assay. g Proteome profiler human phospho-kinase array of HC iPSC-derived fibroblast. h Proteome profiler human phospho-kinase array of SSc iPSC-derived fibroblast. i Histological analysis of the organoids and quantification of their culture area and thickness. Scale bars, 200 μm. j Histological analysis of the skin thickness and area of the transplanted organoids after 2 weeks. All graphs show the mean and standard error of the mean