Fig. 5

FbMSC application decreased the activation of microglia in TBI mice. a Representative Iba1-stained coronal sections of murine brains of the four groups at 4 d post-injury. Scale bar, 2 mm. Expression of Aif1, Cx3cr1 (b) and pro-inflammatory factors TNFα, IL1β, IL6 (c) was detected by qRT-PCR at 4 d, 14 d, and 28 d post-injury. Iba1 immunofluorescence and mean fluorescence intensity quantification in peri-impact area and hippocampus in each group at 4 d (d, e) and 28 d (f, g) post-injury. Scale bar, 20 μm. (n = 3–4 mice per group; Data are presented as the mean ± standard error; *, **, ***, and **** indicate significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively.)